What is the Difference Between Mineral and Synthetic Oil?

The main difference between mineral and synthetic oil lies in their composition, refining process, and properties. Here are the key differences between the two:

1. Composition: Mineral oils are derived from the refining of crude petroleum, while synthetic oils are made from artificially modified base stocks derived from petroleum and other organic sources.
2. Refining Process: Synthetic oil undergoes more sophisticated modifications, resulting in fewer impurities compared to mineral oils.
3. Viscosity: Synthetic oils have a better viscosity index (VI) than mineral oils. The VI of mineral oil is around 94-97, while synthetic oils have a VI above 110. This means that synthetic oil performs better under extreme temperature changes and maintains its lubricating properties longer.
4. Performance: Synthetic oils generally provide better performance, especially in extreme conditions or in engines with high demands. However, mineral oils are still used in older vehicle models and offer the advantage of being more cost-effective.
5. Additives: Both mineral and synthetic oils have additives to improve their performance, such as protection against wear, oxidation, corrosion, or foam, as well as detergents or dispersants.

When choosing between mineral and synthetic oil for your vehicle, it is essential to read your automotive manufacturer's recommendations and consider factors such as cost, desired performance, and the specific requirements of your engine.

Comparative Table: Mineral vs Synthetic Oil

Here is a table comparing the differences between mineral and synthetic oil:

Mineral oil is derived from crude oil and is more affordable, while synthetic oil is man-made and often more expensive. Synthetic oil offers better performance, especially in extreme temperatures, due to its higher thermal stability and resistance to high temperatures. Synthetic oil also exhibits a lower pour point, which allows it to flow at extremely low temperatures. Additionally, synthetic oil has a higher viscosity index and better biodegradability compared to mineral oil. While synthetic oil has several advantages over mineral oil, it is essential to consider the specific application and performance requirements when selecting the appropriate lubricant.