What is the Difference Between Thyroglobulin and Antithyroglobulin?

Thyroglobulin and antithyroglobulin are two proteins that play different roles in the function of the thyroid gland. The key differences between them are:

• Thyroglobulin: This is a protein made by the thyroid gland and serves as the main precursor to thyroid hormones. It has a molecular weight of 660 kDa and is a dimeric glycoprotein produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid. Thyroglobulin is used entirely within the thyroid gland and is found in all vertebrates.
• Antithyroglobulin: This is an antibody or protein made in response to thyroglobulin by the immune system. Antithyroglobulin is not normally found in the bloodstream, but 10-20% of healthy individuals have detectable antithyroglobulin levels. Elevated antithyroglobulin levels are associated with various thyroid conditions, such as Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, underactive thyroid, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes.

Thyroglobulin is measured through a thyroglobulin test, while antithyroglobulin is measured through an antithyroglobulin test. The reference range value for antithyroglobulin is less than 116 IU/mL. Antithyroglobulin antibodies can lead to the destruction of the thyroid gland but are not as specific for autoimmune thyroid disease as other antibodies, such as antimicrosomal antibodies.

Comparative Table: Thyroglobulin vs Antithyroglobulin

Here is a table comparing thyroglobulin and antithyroglobulin:

Thyroglobulin is a protein essential for thyroid hormone production, while antithyroglobulin is an antibody or protein that can interfere with thyroglobulin measurements.