What is the Difference Between Streptokinase and tPA?

Streptokinase and tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) are both thrombolytic medications used to break down blood clots in blood vessels, a process known as thrombolysis or fibrinolytic therapy. They are commonly used to treat acute myocardial infarction, stroke, massive pulmonary embolism, severe deep vein thrombosis, acute limb ischemia, and clotted hemothorax. However, there are some differences between the two:

1. Origin: Streptokinase is a bacterial protein derived from the Streptococcus species, while tPA is a recombinant mammalian protein.
2. Molecular Weight: The molecular weight of streptokinase is approximately 47 kDa, while the molecular weight of tPA is approximately 70 kDa.
3. Lysis Rates: tPA has been shown to achieve better lysis rates than streptokinase.
4. Fibrin Specificity: tPA has a theoretical advantage of fibrin specificity, which means it is more targeted in its action. However, this advantage does not necessarily result in fewer adverse effects or greater preservation of left ventricular (LV) function.
5. Clinical Benefit: Although each drug may have specific indications, the drugs appear similar in clinical benefit, and further comparison trials are required.

In summary, while both streptokinase and tPA are effective thrombolytic agents, tPA has demonstrated better lysis rates and a more targeted action, but this does not necessarily translate into a significant clinical advantage over streptokinase.

Comparative Table: Streptokinase vs tPA

Streptokinase and tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) are both thrombolytic medications used to break down clots in various conditions, such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism. However, there are differences between the two medications:

Both medications work by converting the inactive plasminogen to active plasmin, which helps dissolve clots and improve patient outcomes. They can cause common side effects such as bleeding, allergic reactions, and low blood pressure.