What is the Difference Between Stratum Basale and Stratum Corneum?

The stratum basale and stratum corneum are two distinct layers of the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. The key differences between these two layers include their position, composition, and cellular function:

• Position: The stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis, while the stratum corneum is the uppermost layer.
• Composition: The stratum basale consists of a single layer of cuboidal to columnar mitotically active stem cells that are attached to the basement membrane. It also contains melanocytes. The stratum corneum, on the other hand, is made up of 20-30 thin layers of continually shedding, dead keratinocytes.
• Cellular Function: The cells in the stratum basale are known as basal cells, which continually divide and push older cells up towards the surface of the skin. In the stratum corneum, the dead keratinocytes secrete defensins, which are part of the body's first immune defense. The cells of the stratum corneum are also surrounded by lipids (fats) that help repel water.

In summary, the stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis, composed of living cells that divide and move towards the surface, while the stratum corneum is the outermost layer, made up of dead keratinocytes that continually shed and contribute to the skin's immune defense and waterproofing properties.

Comparative Table: Stratum Basale vs Stratum Corneum

The stratum basale and stratum corneum are two layers of the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. Here is a table comparing their differences:

The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis and is responsible for producing new skin cells. These cells move up through the other layers of the epidermis, changing their shape and composition as they mature. On the other hand, the stratum corneum is the uppermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of 15 to 30 layers of dead keratinocytes, also known as corneocytes. The cells in the stratum corneum are shed regularly, being replaced by cells from the deeper layers. This layer provides a barrier to water and helps prevent the penetration of microbes and dehydration of underlying tissues, as well as providing mechanical protection against abrasion for the more delicate underlying layers.