What is the Difference Between Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid?

Sodium citrate and citric acid are both organic compounds and contain an acidic component. However, they have some key differences:

1. Cation: The main difference between sodium citrate and citric acid is the cation they contain. Sodium citrate has sodium as its cation, while citric acid contains hydrogen as its cation.
2. Appearance: Sodium citrate is a white crystalline powder, whereas citric acid is a colorless liquid.
3. Basicity: Sodium citrate is mildly basic, while citric acid is acidic.
4. Origin: Sodium citrate is derived from citric acid. In the process of creating sodium citrate, the hydrogen cations in the citric acid molecule are replaced by sodium cations.

Both compounds are used in the food industry, but they have different functions:

• Citric Acid: It is used as a strong acid, a tart flavoring, and an antioxidant. It is commonly found in ice cream, sherbet, fruit drinks, candy, and carbonated beverages.
• Sodium Citrate: It is often used as a buffering agent, emulsifier, and preservative in food and beverages. It controls the acidity of gelatin desserts, jam, ice cream, candy, and other foods.

In some cases, sodium citrate and citric acid are combined to create a buffer system that helps control the pH level in various products, such as jams, jellies, juices, drinks, dairy treats, and pastries.

Comparative Table: Sodium Citrate vs Citric Acid

The main difference between sodium citrate and citric acid is that sodium citrate contains sodium as its cation, while citric acid contains hydrogen as its cation. Here is a comparison table highlighting the differences between the two:

Both sodium citrate and citric acid are important as food flavoring agents and preservatives.