What is the Difference Between Sensory Processing Disorder and Autism?

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are two distinct neurological conditions that share some similarities but have different diagnostic criteria, symptoms, and treatments. Here are the key differences between the two:

Primary Symptoms: SPD is characterized by difficulties with sensory processing, such as over- or under-sensitivity to sensory input, which can cause a range of symptoms. ASD, on the other hand, is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities. While sensory issues can be a part of ASD, they are just one aspect of the condition.
Comorbidity: SPD is often a comorbid symptom of ASD, but not all children with sensory processing disorder have autism. In fact, up to 90% of people with ASD have sensory processing difficulties, but SPD can also be present in individuals with other neurodevelopmental or psychiatric conditions such as intellectual disability, anxiety, ADHD, or mood disorders.
Sensory Issues: Children with SPD tend to have more problems with touch than those with autism, whereas children with autism struggle more with sound processing. This may explain why language and communication problems are characteristic of autism.
Treatment: Treatment for SPD often involves sensory integration therapy, which aims to help individuals better process and integrate sensory information through structured, individualized activities. Additionally, accommodations like noise-canceling headphones or fidget tools can help manage sensory sensitivities. In contrast, treatment for ASD typically focuses on addressing social communication and behavioral challenges, rather than solely focusing on sensory processing issues.

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for ensuring that individuals with SPD or ASD receive appropriate support and treatment. If you suspect that you or a loved one may have either of these conditions, seek an evaluation from a qualified professional with expertise in sensory processing and autism.

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What is the Difference Between Sensory Processing Disorder and Autism?

Comparative Table: Sensory Processing Disorder vs Autism

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are two distinct conditions that share some similarities but require different approaches to treatment. Here is a table highlighting the differences between the two:

Feature	Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)	Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Primary Symptoms	Sensory processing issues, such as hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory input	Social interaction and communication difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests
Origin	Developed due to difficulties in processing sensory input	Developed due to a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors
Comorbidity	SPD is often a comorbid symptom of ASD, but not all children with SPD have autism	ASD is a spectrum of disorders that include autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
Social and Communication Skills	People with SPD do not show the traits of someone with autism, such as difficulties with social and communication skills or stimming behaviors	People with ASD struggle with social cues, have difficulty with language and communication, and exhibit repetitive behaviors

While both conditions can involve sensory issues, SPD is primarily focused on sensory processing, whereas ASD encompasses a broader range of symptoms, including social interaction, communication, and behavior.

Guilherme Mazui

Guilherme Mazui is graduated in journalism from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and a master's degree in Communication from the University of São Paulo (USP). In addition, he has experience in advertising writing and has worked as a content editor in several companies.