What is the Difference Between S and P Block Elements?

The main difference between S and P block elements lies in their electronic configurations and the type of orbitals in which their valence electrons are present. Additionally, S-block elements are mostly metals, while P-block elements can be both metals and nonmetals. Here are the key differences between S and P block elements:

1. Position in the periodic table: S-block elements are located on the left side of the periodic table, while P-block elements are on the right side.
2. Electronic configuration: S-block elements have a general electronic configuration of $$n{{s}^{1-2}}$$, while P-block elements have a general electronic configuration of $$n{{s}^{2}}{{p}$$.
3. Types of elements: All S-block elements are metals, while P-block elements include both metals and nonmetals.
4. Ionization energy: Elements in the S-block have lower ionization energies, meaning they give away electrons more easily, making them more reactive. In contrast, P-block elements have more filled shells and are less likely to give away electrons as easily.
5. Reactivity: S-block elements are more reactive than P-block elements due to their lower ionization energies.
6. Oxide formation: S-block elements generally form basic oxides, while P-block elements form acidic oxides.

Comparative Table: S vs P Block Elements

The main differences between S and P block elements are:

1. Position in the periodic table:

• S-block elements are located in groups 1 and 2, as well as the first two columns of the periodic table.
• P-block elements are found in groups 13 to 18, as well as the last six columns of the periodic table.

1. Electronic configuration:

• S-block elements have a general electronic configuration of ns^1-2.
• P-block elements have a more varied electronic configuration, but their general electronic configuration can be described as a combination of ns^2 and (n-1)d^1-10.

1. Nature of elements:

• S-block elements are mostly metals.
• P-block elements consist of both metals and nonmetals.

1. Ionization energy:

• S-block elements have lower ionization energies, making it easier for them to give away electrons.
• P-block elements have higher ionization energies, making it harder for them to give away electrons.

1. Reactivity:

• S-block elements are more reactive than P-block elements due to their lower ionization energies and fewer electrons needed to achieve a noble gas configuration.

Here is a table summarizing the differences between S and P block elements: