What is the Difference Between Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha Beta and Gamma?

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are nuclear receptors that play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as morphogenesis, development, and cell differentiation. There are three major isoforms of RARs: RARα, RARβ, and RARγ, which are coded by distinct genetic loci RARA, RARB, and RARG, respectively. Each isoform has unique and overlapping roles in physiology and development, and they share similar structural and functional features. Here are the main differences between RARα, RARβ, and RARγ:

1. Gene coding: RARα is coded by the RARA gene, RARβ by the RARB gene, and RARγ by the RARG gene.
2. Isoforms: RARα has two isoforms, RARα1 and RARα2, which differ in their N-terminal AF-1 domain.
3. Transcriptional properties: Although all three isoforms can bind to all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid, and get activated, they have distinct transcriptional properties in the absence or presence of hormone ligands.

In summary, the key differences between retinoic acid receptor alpha, beta, and gamma lie in their genetic coding, isoforms, and transcriptional properties. Despite these differences, all three isoforms play essential roles in regulating various biological processes and share similar structural and functional features.

Comparative Table: Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha Beta vs Gamma

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are nuclear receptors that play crucial roles in regulating cell growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. There are three subtypes of RARs: alpha, beta, and gamma. Each subtype has distinct characteristics and functions: