What is the Difference Between Red and White Phosphorus?

The main differences between red and white phosphorus are their appearance, stability, reactivity, and toxicity. Here are the key differences:

• Appearance: Red phosphorus appears as dark red colored crystals, while white phosphorus is a soft, waxy solid that becomes yellow when exposed to light.
• Stability: Red phosphorus is more stable than white phosphorus and does not ignite in air at temperatures below 240°C (464°F). White phosphorus, on the other hand, ignites at about 30°C (86°F).
• Reactivity: Red phosphorus is less reactive than white phosphorus. White phosphorus is highly toxic and reacts with air, leading to its spontaneous combustion.
• Toxicity: White phosphorus is highly toxic, while red phosphorus is non-toxic and odorless.

Both red and white phosphorus are allotropes of the chemical element phosphorus. White phosphorus exists as discrete tetrahedral P4 molecules, while red phosphorus consists of chains of P4 molecules linked together by covalent bonds. When exposed to light, white phosphorus can convert into red phosphorus.

Comparative Table: Red vs White Phosphorus

The main differences between red and white phosphorus are their stability, reactivity, and properties. Here is a table comparing the two:

White phosphorus is a more reactive and dangerous form of phosphorus, while red phosphorus is a more stable and useful form.