What is the Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Flagella?

The main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella are as follows:

1. Structure: Prokaryotic flagella are composed of the protein flagellin, while eukaryotic flagella are made up of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules.
2. Location: Prokaryotic flagella are located outside of the plasma membrane, whereas eukaryotic flagella are covered by the plasma membrane.
3. Movement: The movement of prokaryotic flagella is proton-driven, whereas the movement of eukaryotic flagella is ATP-driven. Prokaryotic flagella have a rotational movement, whereas eukaryotic flagella have a bending movement.
4. Basal Body: In eukaryotic flagella, the basal body bears rootlets, while in prokaryotic flagella, the basal body bears rings.
5. Membrane Covering: Eukaryotic flagella are covered by a membranous sheath derived from the plasmalemma, while prokaryotic flagella are not covered by a membranous sheath.

In summary, prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ mainly in terms of structure, location, movement, basal body, and membrane covering.

Comparative Table: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Flagella

Here is a table comparing the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella:

Eukaryotic flagella are complex, long, whip-like structures made of microtubules and covered by an extension of the cell membrane. They move in a bending movement, which is referred to as undulatory movement. On the other hand, prokaryotic flagella are smaller, thinner, and move in a rotary movement. They are composed of flagellin proteins and are made up of microtubules.