What is the Difference Between Piano and Harpsichord?

The piano and harpsichord are both keyboard instruments, but they have several key differences:

1. Sound production: Harpsichord strings are plucked, while piano strings are struck by small hammers. This results in a bright, somewhat metallic tone for the harpsichord and a more dynamic and expressive sound for the piano.
2. Range: Harpsichords usually have a 5-octave range (F1-F6), while pianos have a 7¼ octave range (A0-C8), allowing pianos to play higher and lower notes.
3. Size and shape: Harpsichords are generally longer and narrower than pianos, with fewer keys. They can also have one or more manuals (keyboards).
4. Volume control: Harpsichords can only be played at one volume, while pianos allow for variable volume and dynamics depending on the player's touch.
5. Historical periods: The harpsichord dates back to the Middle Ages and gained popularity during the Renaissance and Baroque periods. The piano, invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori around 1700, became the main instrument for the Classical and Romantic periods.
6. Instrument classification: Due to the plucking mechanism, the harpsichord is considered a string instrument, while the piano, with its hammer action, falls under the percussion instrument category.

Despite these differences, both instruments are played similarly and require the same skillset and techniques for chords, arpeggios, and harmonies.

Comparative Table: Piano vs Harpsichord

The piano and harpsichord are both keyboard instruments, but they have several key differences in terms of sound production, technique, and history. Here is a comparison table highlighting the main differences between the two instruments:

The piano was invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori in the early 18th century and produces sound by striking the strings with hammers covered in felt. In contrast, the harpsichord dates back to the 12th century and plucks the strings using a plectrum made of quill or plastic when a key is pressed. The piano offers greater dynamics and sustain, while the harpsichord focuses on articulation and tempo. The piano has a larger frame and keys, whereas the harpsichord has slimmer keys made of wood and may have "reversed keys". The piano typically has 7 ¼ octaves and 88 keys, while the harpsichord has fewer keys and octaves.