What is the Difference Between Phosphoric Acid and Citric Acid?

Phosphoric acid and citric acid are both acids used in various applications, but they have different properties and sources. Here are the key differences between the two:

1. Chemical composition: Phosphoric acid is a weak mineral acid with the chemical formula H3PO4, while citric acid is a weak organic acid that occurs naturally in citrus fruits.
2. Appearance: Phosphoric acid appears as a white solid that is deliquescent, whereas citric acid can be found in the form of colorless solid granules or in liquid form.
3. pH value: Phosphoric acid is generally considered to be stronger than citric acid due to its lower pH value.
4. Sources: Phosphoric acid is added to cola drinks to impart tartness, reduce the growth of bacteria and fungi, and improve shelf-life. Citric acid, on the other hand, is naturally occurring in citrus drinks and is added to many other beverages for its tangy flavor and preservative properties.
5. Uses: In addition to beverages, citric acid has various applications in the kitchen, beauty and personal care, and even in cleaning products. Phosphoric acid is used in the creation of fertilizers, detergents, and some batteries.

In summary, phosphoric acid and citric acid differ in their composition, appearance, pH value, sources, and uses. While phosphoric acid is a mineral acid used primarily in cola drinks and other industrial applications, citric acid is an organic acid found in citrus fruits and used in a wide range of food, cosmetic, and cleaning products.

Comparative Table: Phosphoric Acid vs Citric Acid

Here is a table comparing the differences between phosphoric acid and citric acid:

Phosphoric acid is a weak mineral acid with the chemical formula H3PO4, while citric acid is a weak organic acid that occurs naturally in citrus fruits. Phosphoric acid has a lower pH value, making it generally considered stronger than citric acid.