What is the Difference Between Oxalic Acid and Citric Acid?

The main difference between oxalic acid and citric acid lies in their chemical structure, reactivity, and applications. Here are the key differences:

1. Chemical Structure: Oxalic acid has the chemical formula C2H2O4 and has two carboxylic functional acid groups, while citric acid has the chemical formula C6H8O7 and has three carboxylic functional acid groups.
2. Reactivity: Oxalic acid is a strong organic acid with very low chemical reactivity, whereas citric acid is a weak organic acid with high chemical reactivity.
3. Applications: Oxalic acid is a poor cleaner for bacteria and rust, but it is effective for ink and stain removal. Citric acid is effective for bacteria and rust removal. Oxalic acid is superior to citric acid for rust removal because it forms complexes with iron ions more effectively.
4. Effectiveness in Removal: Oxalic acid is inefficient when it comes to the removal of Zinc and Cadmium, while citric acid is more effective in removing these elements.

In summary, oxalic acid and citric acid have different chemical structures, reactivities, and applications. While oxalic acid is more effective for rust removal and stain removal, citric acid is better for bacteria and rust removal.

Comparative Table: Oxalic Acid vs Citric Acid

Here is a table comparing the differences between oxalic acid and citric acid:

Oxalic acid has two carboxylic acid groups and low chemical reactivity, while citric acid has three carboxylic acid groups and high chemical reactivity. Oxalic acid is a strong acid, whereas citric acid is a weak acid. Citric acid is more effective in removing zinc and lead, while oxalic acid is inefficient in removing these substances.