What is the Difference Between Otitis Media and Otitis Externa?

The main difference between otitis media and otitis externa lies in the location of the infection within the ear:

• Otitis media: This involves the middle ear, which is located just behind the eardrum. It is often caused by a viral or bacterial infection that spreads to the middle ear, usually after a cold. Middle ear infections are particularly common in babies and children, as their Eustachian tubes are narrower and more horizontal, promoting the accumulation of secretions and the growth of bacteria in the middle ear.
• Otitis externa: This involves the outer ear and the ear canal. It is often caused by water remaining in the ear canal, such as after swimming, which promotes the growth of bacteria, leading to an infection. Otitis externa is less common in children but often affects people after swimming.

The main symptom of both otitis media and otitis externa is pain. If it is otitis externa, the pain may increase when the earlobe is pulled. Otitis media is usually diagnosed by a combination of symptoms (ear pain, reduced hearing), and direct observation of an inflamed eardrum with fluid behind it. Fever is also a common symptom. In contrast, treatment for otitis externa typically involves antibiotic drops, while otitis media usually resolves on its own without antibiotics.

Comparative Table: Otitis Media vs Otitis Externa

Here is a table comparing the differences between otitis media and otitis externa:

Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, usually caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis. It typically presents with symptoms like ear pain, reduced hearing, and fever. Diagnosis is made by visual observation of an inflamed eardrum with fluid behind it. Treatment includes analgesia, cleansing of the ear canal, and the application of antiseptic and antimicrobial agents.

Otitis externa, also known as "swimmer's ear," is an infection of the external auditory canal, which can be caused by bacterial or fungal pathogens. Symptoms include pain, itching, discharge, and ear blockage. It is diagnosed by visual observation of an inflamed external auditory canal. Treatment involves antibiotics (oral or topical), pain relief, and removal of any foreign object or blockage.