What is the Difference Between Ortho and Para Nitrophenol?

The main difference between ortho and para nitrophenol lies in the positions of the -OH and -NO2 groups in the benzene ring and the symmetry of the molecules:

• Ortho Nitrophenol: The -OH group and the -NO2 group are attached to adjacent/neighboring carbon atoms in the benzene ring. This results in a lack of symmetry in the molecule, leading to weaker peaks of various bonding in the infrared spectroscopy. Ortho nitrophenol exhibits intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
• Para Nitrophenol: The -OH group and the -NO2 group are attached to the 1st and 4th positions of the benzene ring, respectively. This arrangement results in a symmetric molecule, which leads to stronger and sharper peaks in the infrared spectroscopy. Para nitrophenol undergoes intermolecular hydrogen bonding and exists as associated molecules.

In summary, the key difference between ortho and para nitrophenol is the position of the -OH and -NO2 groups in the benzene ring and the symmetry of the molecules, which affects their hydrogen bonding and infrared spectroscopy properties.

Comparative Table: Ortho vs Para Nitrophenol

The main difference between ortho and para nitrophenol lies in the position of the hydroxyl (-OH) and nitro (-NO2) groups attached to the benzene ring. Here is a comparison table highlighting the differences:

Both ortho and para nitrophenol are isomers of nitrophenol, an organic compound with a benzene ring attached to a -OH group and a -NO2 group. They are more acidic than phenols and can form conjugate bases called nitrophenolates.