What is the Difference Between Oestrogen and Progesterone?

Estrogen and progesterone are both steroid hormones that play crucial roles in regulating mammalian reproductive functions, particularly in females. They regulate the development and functioning of the uterus by controlling the transcription of certain genes in the uterus. However, there are key differences between these two hormones:

1. Source and Production: Estrogen is a female hormone secreted by ovaries prior to ovulation, while progesterone is secreted by ovaries after ovulation. Estrogen is primarily produced in the ovaries, while progesterone is produced in the corpus luteum, a temporary gland that emerges in the second half of the menstrual cycle after ovulation.
2. Functions: Estrogen is responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle, breast development, and preventing osteoporosis, among other functions. Progesterone, on the other hand, supports pregnancy, induces the enlargement of breasts and uterus during pregnancy, and prepares the breasts for milk production.
3. Control: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) largely controls the secretion of estrogen, while luteinizing hormone (LH) largely controls the secretion of progesterone.
4. During Pregnancy: Estrogen and progesterone work together during pregnancy and are responsible for the changes that take place during this period. Progesterone also helps maintain the uterine lining to support the developing fetus.
5. Balance: A proper combination of estrogen and progesterone is necessary for optimal health and well-being. Estrogen dominance is a state of increased levels of estrogen relative to progesterone, which can occur when the body makes too much estrogen or metabolizes it differently.

In summary, estrogen and progesterone are both essential hormones for female reproductive functions, but they have distinct roles and are controlled by different factors. They work together during pregnancy and menstruation to maintain a healthy balance in the body.

Comparative Table: Oestrogen vs Progesterone

Here is a table comparing the differences between estrogen and progesterone:

Estrogen and progesterone are steroid hormones that play crucial roles in regulating the development and functioning of the uterus. While estrogen regulates the menstrual cycle, progesterone is essential for supporting pregnancy. These hormones work together to bring about changes during pregnancy, ensuring the proper development of the fetus.