What is the Difference Between Neutron Capture and Absorption?

The key difference between neutron capture and neutron absorption lies in the nuclear reactions they describe. While both processes involve the combination of a nucleus and a neutron to form a compound nucleus, the methods of combination are different:

• Neutron capture refers to the (n, gamma) reaction, where a collision occurs between a nucleus and a neutron, resulting in the capture of the neutron by the nucleus and the subsequent emission of a gamma-ray photon. This process is also known as "radiative capture". Neutron capture is a common way of producing radioactive isotopes.
• Neutron absorption refers to any reaction involving the formation of a compound nucleus, including the (n, gamma) reaction, fission, and other reactions that are not just scattering. In the neutron absorption process, a fission occurs. Neutron absorptions produce an isotope that decays by beta emission.

In summary:

• Neutron capture involves a collision between a nucleus and a neutron, resulting in the capture of the neutron and the emission of a gamma-ray photon.
• Neutron absorption involves any reaction involving the formation of a compound nucleus, including fission and other reactions.

Comparative Table: Neutron Capture vs Absorption

Here is a table comparing the differences between neutron capture and neutron absorption:

Both neutron capture and neutron absorption are nuclear reactions that involve the combination of a nucleus and a neutron to form a compound nucleus. However, the method of combination is different. Neutron capture is a specific reaction used in nuclear reactors, while neutron absorption is a more general term that includes various reactions involving the formation of a compound nucleus.