What is the Difference Between Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndrome?

Nephrotic and nephritic syndromes are two distinct kidney disorders that have different characteristics, causes, and effects on kidney health. Here are the main differences between the two:

Nephrotic Syndrome:

Characterized by severe proteinuria (high levels of protein in the urine), pronounced edema (swelling in the body), and usually normal blood pressure.
Occurs when glomeruli do not properly filter the protein albumin, leading to elevated levels of albumin in the urine (proteinuria).
Can be caused by various disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Laboratory findings include hypoalbuminemia, massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/day), hyperlipidemia, and waxy casts and oval fat bodies in urine.

Nephritic Syndrome:

Characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli (glomerulonephritis), renal dysfunction, hematuria (red blood cells in the urine), hypertension, and moderate glomerular damage.
Occurs when inflamed glomeruli do not properly filter red blood cells, leading to blood in the urine (hematuria).
The most common cause is immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (Berger's disease), but other causes include postinfectious glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis.
Laboratory findings include hematuria, proteinuria (<3.0 g/day), elevated BUN and creatinine, and red cell casts in urine.

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and management if you suspect either nephrotic or nephritic syndrome. Early detection and proper care are crucial for better kidney health.