What is the Difference Between Metals and Non-metals?

The main differences between metals and non-metals are their physical and chemical properties. Here is a comparison of the key differences between the two:

1. Appearance:

• Metals have a shiny, metallic luster and reflective surface.
• Non-metals are generally dull or non-reflective and do not have a metallic luster.

1. Conductivity:

• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

1. Malleability and Ductility:

• Metals are malleable (can be hammered into sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into wire).
• Non-metals are not malleable or ductile.

1. State at Room Temperature:

• Most metals are solids at room temperature, except for mercury which is a liquid.
• Non-metals can exist in all three states (solid, liquid, and gas) at room temperature.

1. Chemical Properties:

• Metals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions.
• Non-metals tend to gain electrons and form negative ions.

1. Ionic and Covalent Compounds:

• Metals and non-metals combine to form ionic compounds.
• Non-metals combine with other non-metals to form covalent compounds (molecules).

Metalloids, which are elements with some characteristics of metals and some of non-metals, are often found in a zig-zag line on the periodic table, separating metals and non-metals. They can have a metallic or non-metallic appearance, depending on the element, and may exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals.

Comparative Table: Metals vs Non-metals

Here is a table comparing the differences between metals and non-metals:

Metals are typically hard, shiny materials with good thermal and electrical conductivity, while non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity. Metals are also known for their unique malleable, ductile, and reflective properties, which make them suitable for construction, manufacturing, and medical applications. In contrast, non-metals are brittle and do not possess the same malleability or ductility as metals.