What is the Difference Between Mesenchymal Markers and Stem Cell Markers?

Mesenchymal markers and stem cell markers are often used interchangeably, as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell. MSCs are identified by their adherence to plastic, expression of specific cell surface markers, and ability to differentiate into mesenchymal tissue lineages such as osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Some of the key differences between mesenchymal markers and stem cell markers are:

• Mesenchymal Markers: These markers are specific for mesenchymal stem cells and are used to identify and characterize them. Examples include CD44, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD166, and Stro-1. CD73, CD90, and CD105 are also expressed in MSCs.
• Stem Cell Markers: These markers are more general and can be expressed in various types of stem cells. Examples include CD34 and CD45, which are hematopoietic markers.

In summary, mesenchymal markers are specific for mesenchymal stem cells, while stem cell markers are more general and can be expressed in different types of stem cells. Not all mesenchymal stem cells express the same panel of surface antigens, and additional markers may be necessary to characterize their regenerative potential and therapeutic applications.

Comparative Table: Mesenchymal Markers vs Stem Cell Markers

Mesenchymal markers and stem cell markers are often used to identify and characterize mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) derived from various human tissues. While MSCs from different tissues exhibit many common characteristics, their biological activity and some markers can differ depending on their tissue of origin. Here is a table comparing some common mesenchymal markers and stem cell markers:

MSCs from all examined sources, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and skin, expressed the naïve MSC markers CD73 and CD90, with values ranging between 94% and 99% of the population. However, some reported mesenchymal stem cell markers may not discriminate between mesenchymal stem cells and non-stem cell mesenchymal cells. Furthermore, the expression of these markers can vary depending on the tissue source, culture conditions, and other factors.