What is the Difference Between Ionic and Metallic Solids?

The main difference between ionic and metallic solids lies in their composition and bonding patterns. Here are the key differences between the two:

Composition: Ionic solids are composed of cations and anions, which are held together by electrostatic attraction forces. On the other hand, metallic solids are composed of metal atoms and free electrons, held together by metallic bonds.
Hardness and Ductility: Ionic solids are generally hard and brittle. In contrast, metallic solids are hard, ductile, and malleable.
Melting and Boiling Points: Ionic solids typically have higher melting and boiling points compared to metallic solids. This is because the electrostatic attraction forces in ionic solids are strong and require more energy to overcome.
Electrical Conductivity: Metallic solids are typically shiny and electrically conductive, while ionic solids are dull and electrically insulating. The difference in electrical conductivity is due to the presence of free electrons in metallic solids, which are responsible for conducting electricity.

In summary, ionic solids are formed by the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions, while metallic solids are composed of metal atoms and free electrons held together by metallic bonds. Ionic solids are generally hard and brittle, while metallic solids are ductile and malleable. Ionic solids have higher melting and boiling points compared to metallic solids, and they are electrically insulating, whereas metallic solids are conductive.