What is the Difference Between Hypocalcaemia and Hypercalcaemia?

Hypocalcaemia and hypercalcaemia are medical conditions related to the amount of calcium in the blood. The difference between the two lies in the calcium levels:

• Hypocalcaemia: This condition is characterized by a lower than average amount of calcium in the blood. It can be caused by various factors, such as vitamin D deficiency, low calcium intake, or certain medical conditions. Symptoms of hypocalcaemia may include muscle cramps, tingling, numbness, seizures, and heart palpitations.
• Hypercalcaemia: This condition is characterized by an overabundance of calcium in the blood. It can be mild, moderate, or severe (hypercalcaemic crisis). Common causes of hypercalcaemia include primary hyperparathyroidism and certain cancers. Symptoms of hypercalcaemia may include fatigue, weakness, anxiety, increased sleepiness, and in severe cases, kidney stones and cardiac arrhythmia.

Treatment for hypocalcaemia typically involves calcium, vitamin D, and, if indicated, magnesium replacement. On the other hand, treatment for hypercalcaemia focuses on the underlying cause, which may include surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism or addressing the specific cancer causing the elevated calcium levels. In some cases, aggressive hydration and bisphosphonates may be used as part of the treatment plan.

Comparative Table: Hypocalcaemia vs Hypercalcaemia

Here is a table summarizing the differences between hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia:

Both hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia can be serious if left untreated, and it is crucial for patients to be closely monitored and receive adequate treatment.