What is the Difference Between Hydraulic and Pneumatic?

The main difference between hydraulic and pneumatic systems lies in the medium used to transmit power. Hydraulic systems use pressurized liquids, such as oil or water, while pneumatic systems use pressurized gases, such as air or other suitable pure gases. Here are some key differences between the two:

Force and Pressure: Hydraulic systems typically operate at higher pressures (1,000-5,000 psi or more) and generate higher force from small-scale actuators, making them suitable for heavy lifting applications such as elevators, hydraulic presses, and wing flaps for airplanes. Pneumatic systems, on the other hand, use lower pressures (80-100 pounds per square inch) and are better suited for low-scale engineering and mechanical tasks.
Speed and Rapidity: Pneumatic systems have the advantage of quicker alteration of valves and cylinders, allowing for faster movement and adjustments. Hydraulic systems, due to the viscosity of the oil, have a slower response time and may take longer to get the system running.
Leakage and Disposal: In the event of a leakage or emergency, hydraulic fluid may not be vented rapidly to the environment, posing a risk to safety and the environment. Pneumatic systems, however, can quickly vent compressed air to the atmosphere and do not require further disposal.
Cleanliness and Cost: Pneumatic systems are cleaner than hydraulics and can be used in situations where cleanliness is essential, such as food processing. They are also cheaper to set up, as their systems are simpler and not required to be as durable due to the lower pressure.

In summary, the choice between hydraulic and pneumatic systems depends on the specific application, factors such as cost-effectiveness, materials to be moved, and the availability of resources and space.