What is the Difference Between Heartwood and Sapwood?

The main difference between heartwood and sapwood lies in their function, color, density, and susceptibility to decay. Here are the key differences:

• Function: Sapwood is the outer, living portion of a woody stem or branch, responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. Heartwood, on the other hand, is the inner, dead wood that provides strength and support to the tree.
• Color: Sapwood is typically lighter in color than heartwood. However, color should not be the sole determining factor, as not all heartwood is dark, and not all dark-colored wood is heartwood.
• Density: Heartwood is usually denser than sapwood. The difference in density between heartwood and sapwood of American woods is usually not significant, but the green weight per cubic foot of sapwood averages higher than that of heartwood.
• Susceptibility to Decay: Heartwood is less susceptible to rot, decay, and insect attacks due to its lower moisture content and density.

In woodworking, heartwood is generally preferred for structural wood members and wooden home-building products due to its strength and resistance to decay. Sapwood, on the other hand, is often used in applications where a lighter color is desired, such as maple flooring and yellow pine interior finish.

Comparative Table: Heartwood vs Sapwood

Heartwood and sapwood are two different parts of a tree trunk, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Here is a table highlighting the differences between heartwood and sapwood:

Both heartwood and sapwood are composed of secondary xylem formed after many years of secondary growth and are derived from the vascular cambium. Wood is an essential component of trees, providing support and structural integrity.