What is the Difference Between Glyoxysomes and Peroxisomes?

Glyoxysomes and peroxisomes are both microbodies present in eukaryotic cells, but they have distinct functions and enzymatic content. Here are the key differences between the two:

1. Presence: Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found only in plant cells and filamentous fungi, while peroxisomes are found in most eukaryotic cells.
2. Function: The prime function of glyoxysomes is to catalyze the formation of acetyl CoA from fatty acids stored within germinating seeds. Peroxisomes, on the other hand, help break down long fatty acid chains and detoxify the cell by degrading toxic compounds, alcohols, and fatty acids.
3. Enzymatic Content: Glyoxysomes contain, in addition to catalase and at least one flavin oxidase, isocitrate lyase and/or malate synthetase, two enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle. Peroxisomes contain enzymes such as oxidases, peroxidase, and catalase, which help in breaking down toxic compounds and degrading alcohols and fatty acids.

Similarities between glyoxysomes and peroxisomes include:

• Both are subcellular organelles.
• They are capable of respiration.
• Both contain a single membrane and lack a genome.

Comparative Table: Glyoxysomes vs Peroxisomes

Here is a table comparing the differences between glyoxysomes and peroxisomes:

Both glyoxysomes and peroxisomes are subcellular organelles capable of respiration and contain enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway. Peroxisomes are more widely distributed in eukaryotic cells and have a broader range of functions, including the breakdown of long fatty acid chains and detoxification. Glyoxysomes, on the other hand, are specialized peroxisomes found only in plant cells and have a primary role in the catalysis of the formation of acetyl CoA from fatty acids, photorespiration, and nitrogen metabolism in root nodules.