What is the Difference Between Gallium and Mercury?

Gallium and mercury are two unique chemical elements that have some similarities and differences. Here are the key points:

• Melting Point: Gallium easily melts on a human hand, as its melting temperature is well below body temperature. Mercury is already a liquid at room temperature.
• Density: The key difference between gallium and mercury is their density. Gallium has a very low density compared to mercury.
• Solid State: Pure gallium should be a solid at room temperature, even when put in a fridge for a while. In contrast, mercury only turns solid at -37°C, which is colder than what most freezers can achieve.
• Toxicity: Mercury is highly toxic, releasing vapors that can damage the central nervous system, brain, kidney, and lungs. Gallium, on the other hand, is relatively safe because it is not volatile.
• Cost: Gallium is roughly six times more expensive than mercury, with a price of $317 per kilogram.

Both elements have interesting properties and can be used for various purposes, such as conducting experiments in a laboratory setting. However, it is essential to handle them with caution due to their potential risks.

Comparative Table: Gallium vs Mercury

Here is a table comparing the differences between gallium and mercury:

Gallium and mercury are both metals with relatively low melting points, making them dense liquids at room temperature. However, the main difference between the two is that gallium has a very low density compared to mercury. Additionally, gallium is a post-transition metal, while mercury is a transition metal.