What is the Difference Between g and G?

The main differences between G and g are as follows:

• Definition: G is the gravitational constant, a fundamental constant in physics that appears in Newton's law of universal gravitation. On the other hand, g is the acceleration due to gravity, a measure of how quickly objects accelerate toward the Earth's surface due to the force of gravity.
• Symbol: G is represented by the symbol "G," while g is represented by the symbol "g".
• Value: The value of G is approximately $$6.67430 \times 10^{-11}$$ m³/kg/s², while the value of g is approximately 9.81 m/s² near the surface of the Earth.
• Dependence: G is a universal constant and does not change with location or objects involved. In contrast, g varies with location and is stronger closer to the Earth's center.
• Role: G determines the strength of the gravitational force between two objects with mass. Governs the acceleration experienced by objects in a gravitational field, such as near the Earth's surface.

The relationship between G and g is given by the equation $$g = \frac{GM}{R^2}$$, where g is the acceleration due to gravity, M is the mass of the massive body, and R is the radius of the massive body. Although there is a formula to express the relation between g and G, there is no direct correlation between the two quantities, as the value of G is constant.

Comparative Table: g vs G

The difference between g and G in the context of MySQL lies in the way they terminate a query. Both g and G are used as terminators for SQL commands in MySQL, but they have distinct functions:

• \g: This sequence is a shorthand version of the semicolon command terminator (';'). It is used to terminate a query and start a new one. It is equivalent to the semicolon and may be used interchangeably.
• \G: This sequence also terminates a query, but it returns the result set in a vertical format, which can be easier to read when the number of returned columns is large.

Here is a table summarizing the differences between g and G in MySQL:

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