What is the Difference Between Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids?

Flavonoids and isoflavonoids are both polyphenolic secondary metabolites produced by plants, but they have distinct chemical structures and subgroups. The main differences between flavonoids and isoflavonoids are:

• Chemical Structure: Flavonoids have a 2-phenylchromen-4-one backbone, while isoflavonoids have a 3-phenylchromen-4-one backbone.
• Subgroups: Flavonoids can be divided into flavanones, flavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanidins. Isoflavonoids, on the other hand, can be classified into isoflavones, isoflavonones, isoflavans, pterocarpans, and rotenoids.
• Biosynthesis: Both flavonoids and isoflavonoids originate from the same biochemical pathway, but isoflavonoids are derived by aryl migration in a 2-phenylchroman skeleton under the catalysis of a specific enzyme.
• Antioxidant Activity: Isoflavonoids generally have more antioxidant activity compared to flavonoids.

Despite these differences, both flavonoids and isoflavonoids possess a wide range of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. They play important roles in the growth and development of plants and have been ascribed positive effects on human and animal health.

Comparative Table: Flavonoids vs Isoflavonoids

Flavonoids and isoflavonoids are both polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants, but they have some differences in their chemical structures and classification. Here is a comparison table of the differences between flavonoids and isoflavonoids:

Despite their differences, both flavonoids and isoflavonoids share some common properties:

• They are polyphenolic secondary metabolites
• They are derived from plants
• They have antioxidant properties
• They are phytonutrients (plant chemicals)