What is the Difference Between Firewall and Router?

The main difference between a firewall and a router lies in their functions and capabilities. Here are the key differences:

1. Function: Routers are networking devices that connect different networks and help direct network traffic from its source to its intended destination. Firewalls, on the other hand, are security appliances designed to protect a private network against external cyber threats.
2. Network Layers: Routers work on the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, while firewalls work on both the network layer (Layer 3) and the transport layer (Layer 4).
3. Security: Firewalls provide security by monitoring traffic, blocking unauthorized traffic, and encrypting data before transmission. Routers do not offer these security features, as they are primarily focused on routing packets between networks.
4. Traffic Management: Routers manage network traffic by selecting the shortest route for a packet to reach its target. Firewalls filter and regulate data, as well as protect the network.
5. Network Sharing: Routers can share an internet connection between networks, while firewalls do not share the network.
6. Encryption: Firewalls use encryption to protect data during transmission, while routers do not employ encryption.

In some cases, routers and firewalls may be available as part of a single, integrated solution. However, they are distinct solutions with different areas of focus and capabilities.

Comparative Table: Firewall vs Router

Here is a table comparing the differences between a firewall and a router:

While both routers and firewalls are used in network security, they serve different functions. A router manages traffic and routes packets to their desired target, while a firewall is responsible for controlling and screening traffic flow and maintaining a state table for information on the state of flow.