What is the Difference Between FDM TDM and WDM?

The main difference between FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing), TDM (Time Division Multiplexing), and WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) lies in the way they divide and share the available bandwidth among multiple users. Here's a summary of each technique:

1. FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing):

• FDM divides the bandwidth into smaller frequency ranges, and each user transmits data in their allocated frequency range.
• It works with analog signals only.
• Complex circuitry is required at the transmitter and receiver.
• Crosstalk is a common issue in FDM.
• It is used in FM and AM radio broadcasting and first-generation cellular telephone systems.

1. TDM (Time Division Multiplexing):

• TDM allocates a fixed time slot for each user to send signals through a common channel.
• It works with both digital and analog signals.
• Simple wiring or chip is required.
• The problem of crosstalk is minimal.
• Synchronization is required.
• It is used in communication systems, computer memory, telephone systems, and TV broadcasting.

1. WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing):

• WDM divides the communication channel by wavelength.
• It is an analog technique.
• Complex circuitry is required at the transmitter and receiver.
• The problem of crosstalk is severe.
• It is used in various applications, including communication systems and data transmission.

In summary, FDM divides the bandwidth based on frequency, TDM divides the bandwidth based on time, and WDM divides the bandwidth based on wavelength. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the specific application and requirements.

Comparative Table: FDM TDM vs WDM

Here is a table comparing the differences between Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM):

• FDM divides the bandwidth into smaller frequency ranges, with each user transmitting data in its own frequency range.
• TDM allocates a fixed time slot for each user to send signals through a common channel.
• WDM divides the communication channel by wavelength, allowing multiple signals to be sent simultaneously over a single communication channel.