What is the Difference Between Extraction and Isolation?

The difference between extraction and isolation lies in their purposes and outcomes:

Extraction is the process of obtaining compounds from plant material (e.g., stem bark, leaves, roots). It involves moving one or more analytes from the sample or matrix to a physically separate location where further processing can occur. Extraction methods include solvent extraction, distillation, pressing, and sublimation. The end product of extraction is typically a mixture of compounds soluble in the extracting solvent.
Isolation is a separation technique used to obtain a purified compound. It involves removing foreign or contaminating substances to isolate the desired compound. Isolation can be achieved through techniques such as distillation, affinity purification, and chromatography. The end product of isolation is a highly pure compound, often referred to as the "isolate".

In summary, extraction is a technique used to separate desired compounds from a sample, while isolation is a technique used to purify those compounds and obtain them in their purest form.