What is the Difference Between Enthalpy and Entropy?

Enthalpy and entropy are both important concepts in thermodynamics, but they represent different properties of a system. Here are the main differences between them:

• Enthalpy (H): Enthalpy is the sum total of all the energies in a system, including internal energy, pressure-volume work, and heat. It is the heat content of a system and is a measure of the energy in a system. If energy is added to a system, its enthalpy increases, and if energy is given off, its enthalpy decreases. Enthalpy is represented by the symbol H and is measured in joules (J).
• Entropy (S): Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a thermodynamic system. It is concerned with the thermal energy of a system per unit temperature and is represented by the symbol S. If the randomness of a system increases, the process is said to be spontaneous. Entropy is a property of a system and is denoted by the symbol S. Entropy is measured in units of joules per kelvin (JK^(-1)).

In summary, enthalpy is a measure of the total heat content or energy in a system, while entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. These two properties play crucial roles in determining the spontaneity and equilibrium of chemical or physical processes.

Comparative Table: Enthalpy vs Entropy

Here is a table comparing the differences between enthalpy and entropy:

In summary, enthalpy represents the total heat content of a system, while entropy measures the degree of randomness or disorder in a system. These properties are related through the Gibbs free energy equation, which is used to determine the spontaneity of chemical reactions.