What is the Difference Between Electrovalent and Covalent Bond?

The main difference between electrovalent and covalent bonds lies in the way electrons are shared or transferred between atoms. Here are the key differences between the two types of bonds:

1. Formation: Electrovalent bonds are formed when one or more electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positive ions (cation) and negative ions (anion). Covalent bonds, on the other hand, are formed when electrons are shared between atoms, resulting in the formation of molecules.
2. Electrical conductivity: Electrovalent compounds are good conductors of electricity in their molten or fused state but do not conduct electricity in the solid-state. Covalent compounds are generally poor conductors of electricity in both solid and molten states.
3. Solubility: Electrovalent compounds are usually soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents. Covalent compounds are generally soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water.
4. Melting and boiling points: Electrovalent compounds have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic force of attraction between the ions. Covalent compounds have lower melting and boiling points compared to electrovalent compounds.

Some examples of electrovalent compounds include NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and MgO. Examples of covalent compounds include methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O).

Comparative Table: Electrovalent vs Covalent Bond

Here is a table comparing the differences between electrovalent and covalent bonds:

Electrovalent bonds are typically found between metals and non-metals, while covalent bonds are usually observed between two non-metals.