What is the Difference Between Earthing and Grounding?

The terms "earthing" and "grounding" are often used interchangeably in the context of electrical circuits and safety measures. However, there are some differences between the two:

Earthing: Earthing refers to the process of protecting electrical circuits and electronics from sudden spikes in current. It involves connecting the electrical circuit to the Earth, which has a zero-volt potential. This process helps prevent damage to electrical appliances in case of overloading or voltage fluctuations. There are five types of earthing, including rod earthing, plate earthing, pipe earthing, earthing through tap, and strip earthing.
Grounding: Grounding is similar to earthing in that it provides insulation against accidental currents. The main live wire is connected to a power supply to power an appliance, while the other portion of the wire is led under the earth. The key difference between earthing and grounding is that the circuit is not physically connected to the ground in grounding, but its potential is zero with respect to other points. Grounding is classified into three types: solid grounding, resistance grounding, and reactance grounding.

In summary, earthing involves physically connecting the electrical circuit to the Earth, while grounding involves creating a zero potential with respect to other points without physically connecting the circuit to the Earth. Both methods help protect electrical equipment and ensure safety in electrical systems.