What is the Difference Between DMARDs and Biologics?

DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) are a class of medications used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. They work by suppressing the immune system or inflammatory pathways. There are two main types of DMARDs: conventional (or traditional) DMARDs and biologics. Here are the key differences between the two:

1. Mode of action: Conventional DMARDs suppress the overall immune system, whereas biologics block specific parts of the immune system, such as proteins that promote inflammation.
2. Structure and composition: Nonbiologic DMARDs, such as methotrexate, are composed of small molecules made from chemicals in a lab. In contrast, biologics are large molecules produced in living cells.
3. Administration: Traditional DMARDs are usually taken orally as a pill. Biologics, on the other hand, are administered through intravenous infusion or injection.
4. Cost: Biologics are more expensive than conventional DMARDs due to their complexity and the fact that they are produced in living cells.
5. Effectiveness: Biologics are generally more targeted and effective at treating rheumatoid arthritis compared to traditional DMARDs.
6. Side effects: The side effect profiles of traditional DMARDs and biologics differ, although both types of medications can sometimes cause the same adverse effects.

Examples of conventional DMARDs include sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, and azathioprine. Biologic DMARDs include tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors like adalimumab (Humira), certolizumab pegol (Cimzia), etanercept (Enbrel), golimumab (Simponi). The choice between conventional DMARDs and biologics depends on the individual patient's needs and response to treatment.

Comparative Table: DMARDs vs Biologics

DMARDs and biologics are both types of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, they differ in their composition, mechanism of action, and side effect profiles. Here is a table comparing the differences between DMARDs and biologics:

It is essential to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment option based on individual patient characteristics and needs.