What is the Difference Between Current Transformer and Voltage Transformer (Potential Transformer)?

The main difference between a current transformer (CT) and a voltage transformer (also known as a potential transformer, PT) lies in their functions and the type of electrical signal they are designed to measure and transform. Here are the key differences:

1. Function: A current transformer (CT) is designed to measure alternating current, while a voltage transformer (PT) focuses on measuring and transforming high electric potential or voltage into a safe voltage level.
2. Signal Transformation: A CT lowers the current signals for measurement purposes, while a PT lowers the high voltage values into lower ones. Both devices are designed to accurately and safely measure power systems, but their applications are different.
3. Secondary Winding Range: In a current transformer, the secondary winding range is typically 1A or 5A, while in a voltage transformer, the range is 110V.
4. Burden: In a current transformer, the burden is determined by the secondary current, while in a voltage transformer, the secondary burden depends on the number of turns in the secondary winding.
5. Applications: A current transformer has various applications, including measuring current and power, and monitoring the power grid. On the other hand, a voltage transformer is used for power conversion, voltage regulation, and voltage measurement.

In summary, both current transformers and voltage transformers are used in the power industry, but they serve different purposes and transform different electrical signals. Current transformers focus on measuring current, while voltage transformers concentrate on measuring and converting voltage.

Comparative Table: Current Transformer vs Voltage Transformer (Potential Transformer)

Here is a table comparing the differences between current transformers and voltage transformers (also known as potential transformers):

Both current and voltage transformers are types of instrument transformers used for measurement and protection purposes in electrical power systems. However, there are distinct differences between the two, as mentioned in the table above.