What is the Difference Between Cuprous and Cupric?

The main difference between cuprous and cupric lies in the cation charge and their respective oxidation states.

• Cuprous: This refers to the +1 cation of copper (Cu²⁺). Cuprous compounds have a dark red color and are less stable than cupric compounds due to their active state.
• Cupric: This refers to the +2 cation of copper (Cu²⁻). Cupric compounds are considered "fully oxidized" and are more stable than cuprous compounds. They have a black color and are less toxic to bacteria compared to cuprous compounds.

Both cuprous and cupric cations have a positive electrical charge and are stable cations, but cuprous has a +1 charge, while cupric has a +2 charge. In the presence of oxygen, cuprous oxide is oxidized to cupric oxide, which is more stable and does not produce reactive oxygen species like cuprous oxide.

Comparative Table: Cuprous vs Cupric

The main difference between cuprous and cupric lies in their oxidation states. Cuprous refers to copper in its +1 oxidation state, while cupric refers to copper in its +2 oxidation state. Here is a table summarizing their differences:

Cuprous oxide is still in an active state, producing reactive oxygen species and making it highly effective as a biocide. On the other hand, cupric oxide is considered "fully oxidized" and is in a more stable oxidation state, making it less toxic to bacteria.