What is the Difference Between Condenser and Dynamic Microphone?

The main difference between condenser and dynamic microphones lies in the way they convert sound waves into electrical signals. Here are the key differences between the two types of microphones:

1. Sensitivity: Condenser microphones are generally more sensitive to sound, making them suitable for capturing subtle details in vocals and acoustic instruments, while dynamic microphones are less sensitive and better-suited for live performances and loud instruments.
2. Polar Patterns: Dynamic microphones usually have cardioid or supercardioid polar patterns, whereas condenser microphones can have various polar patterns, sometimes with the ability to change them.
3. Working Principle: Dynamic microphones use electromagnetism to convert sound waves into voltage, using a diaphragm, voice coil, and magnet. Condenser microphones, on the other hand, use an electrically-charged diaphragm that vibrates and changes capacitance when sound waves hit it, generating an electrical signal.
4. Power Supply: Condenser microphones require a power supply, either from batteries, phantom power from a mixer, an external preamp, or a computer's USB port. Dynamic microphones, however, are often plug-and-play and do not require an external power supply.
5. Applications: Dynamic microphones are often used for live performances, vocals, brass instruments, keyboards, drums, and guitar amplifiers. Condenser microphones are typically used for studio recordings of vocals and acoustic instruments, as they have a wider frequency response and dynamic range.

In summary, condenser microphones are more sensitive and suitable for studio recordings, while dynamic microphones are less sensitive and better-suited for live performances and loud instruments.

Comparative Table: Condenser vs Dynamic Microphone

Here is a table comparing the differences between condenser and dynamic microphones:

Condenser microphones are more sensitive and have a wider frequency response, making them suitable for studio recording, vocals, and acoustic instruments. They require phantom power to operate. On the other hand, dynamic microphones are less sensitive and have a narrower frequency response, making them ideal for live performances and loud sound sources. They do not require phantom power.