What is the Difference Between Chlorine Atom and Chloride Ion?

The main differences between a chlorine atom and a chloride ion are:

1. Atomic Structure: A chlorine atom has 7 electrons in its M shell, while a chloride ion has 8 electrons in the same shell.
2. Electrical State: Chlorine atoms are electrically neutral, whereas chloride ions are negatively charged. Chlorine becomes a chloride ion when it gains an electron, giving it a -1 charge.
3. Chemical Action: Chlorine atoms are highly reactive, while chloride ions are inert. Chlorine atoms can react with other elements to form chlorides, which are more stable compounds.
4. Toxicity: Chlorine gas is poisonous, while chloride ions are non-toxic.
5. Ionic Radius: The ionic radius of a chloride ion is larger than the atomic radius of a chlorine atom due to the additional electron in the chloride ion.

In summary, a chlorine atom is a neutral species with 7 electrons in its outer shell, while a chloride ion is a negatively charged species with 8 electrons in the same shell. Chlorine atoms are highly reactive and can form chlorides through the gain of an electron, making them more stable and less toxic than chlorine gas.

Comparative Table: Chlorine Atom vs Chloride Ion

Here is a table comparing the differences between a chlorine atom and a chloride ion:

• Chlorine is a highly reactive element due to its unstable electron configuration, which requires gaining an electron to achieve the stable electron configuration of a noble gas (Argon).
• When a chlorine atom gains an electron, it becomes a negatively charged chloride ion.
• Chlorine gas is toxic, while chloride ions are non-toxic.
• Chloride ions can conduct electricity through solvents, unlike chlorine atoms.