What is the Difference Between Chloride and Chlorate?

The main difference between chloride and chlorate lies in the number of atoms and their respective oxidation states:

• Chloride (Cl⁻): This is an anion of chlorine with the chemical formula Cl⁻. It contains a single atom and has a molar mass of 35.5 g/mol. The oxidation state of chlorine in this ion is -1.
• Chlorate (ClO₃⁻): This is an anion of chlorine with the chemical formula ClO₃⁻. It contains four atoms and has a molar mass of 83.4 g/mol. The oxidation state of chlorine in this ion is +5.

Both chloride and chlorate are anions derived from chlorine, a highly reactive chemical element with an atomic number of 17. They both carry a negative electrical charge and can undergo oxidation reactions. However, chloride cannot undergo reduction, while chlorate can.

Comparative Table: Chloride vs Chlorate

The main difference between chloride and chlorate is the number of atoms and the oxidation state of chlorine in each ion. Here is a comparison table highlighting the differences between chloride and chlorate:

Both chloride and chlorate are anions of chlorine, but they have distinct properties and uses. Chloride is a monoatomic anion with a -1 oxidation state, while chlorate is a polyatomic anion with a +5 oxidation state. Chloride is commonly found in table salt (NaCl) and is used in the production of PVC, solvents, and food additives. Chlorate, on the other hand, is used as an oxidizing agent in fireworks, matches, and herbicides.