What is the Difference Between Central and Peripheral Fatigue?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚The difference between central and peripheral fatigue lies in the origin of the fatigue:
- Central Fatigue: This type of fatigue occurs at the level of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and motor neurons. It is defined as a decrease in the voluntary activation of muscles, directly related to a decrease in the frequency and synchronization of motoneurons, and a reduced drive from the motor cortex. Central fatigue can be measured using techniques such as the twitch interpolation technique, which involves using electricity to stimulate muscle contractions.
- Peripheral Fatigue: This type of fatigue involves the motor unit itself and occurs chiefly through exhaustion of the muscle energy supplies. Peripheral fatigue is produced by changes at or distal to the neuromuscular junction. Possible sources of peripheral fatigue include depleted energy stores, accumulation of metabolites, and mechanical stress.
In general, central fatigue is related to the brain and CNS, while peripheral fatigue is related to the muscles themselves. Both types of fatigue can occur together, but not at an even 1:1 ratio. The higher the intensity of the workout, the greater the chance of central fatigue being present longer than peripheral fatigue.
Comparative Table: Central vs Peripheral Fatigue
Central and peripheral fatigue are two distinct types of fatigue that can occur during physical exercise. Here is a table summarizing the differences between them:
| Central Fatigue | Peripheral Fatigue |
|---|---|
| Occurs at the level of the central nervous system (CNS) | Occurs at the level of the muscle |
| Results from impaired voluntary activation and information conduction for movement execution | Involves local changes in the muscle, such as decreased calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and increased calcium sensitivity |
| Can be evaluated using techniques like percutaneous nerve stimulation during maximal contractions | Can be detected through electrical stimulation techniques and monitoring muscle contraction |
| Contributes to a smaller percentage of muscle fatigue in non-obese individuals | Contributes to a higher percentage of muscle fatigue in obese individuals |
| May lead to impaired motor performance, especially in extremely obese or older obese individuals | Can negatively impact muscle control capabilities and increase the likelihood of work-related musculoskeletal disorders |
In summary, central fatigue is related to the neural system and occurs at the level of the CNS, while peripheral fatigue happens at the muscle level and involves local changes in the muscle. Both types of fatigue can be present during physical exercise, and their respective contributions to overall fatigue can vary depending on factors such as obesity.
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