What is the Difference Between Case Study and Ethnography?

Case study and ethnography are two popular research methodologies in social sciences, particularly in anthropological and sociological studies. While they share some similarities, there are key differences between the two approaches:

1. Subject of Study: Ethnography focuses on studying a culture or an ethnic group, while a case study investigates a particular instance, event, or individual.
2. Purpose: Ethnography aims to describe the culture and lifestyle of the subjects, without necessarily seeking causes or explanations. In contrast, a case study is more interested in understanding the reasons behind an event or instance and its implications.
3. Data Collection: Ethnography typically uses unstructured data and emphasizes observations and the researcher's close relationship with the subjects. Case study research, on the other hand, often employs multiple forms of data collection, such as interviews, observations, and audiovisual materials, to provide an in-depth picture of the subject.
4. Neutrality: Ethnography is centered on neutrality, meaning the researcher strives to remain objective and not impose their own judgments or interpretations on the data. Case study research also aims for neutrality, but it may not be as strictly adhered to as in ethnography.
5. Duration: Case study research is often of a shorter duration compared to ethnography, which can take up considerable time.

In summary, while both case study and ethnography are in-depth studies of individuals or groups, they differ in their subject of study, purpose, data collection methods, neutrality, and duration.

Comparative Table: Case Study vs Ethnography

While both case studies and ethnography are qualitative research methods, they differ in their focus, approach, and data collection methods. Here is a table summarizing the differences between case study and ethnography:

Case studies are in-depth investigations of a specific case, event, or entity, aiming to explore a phenomenon in its natural context. On the other hand, ethnography is the study of cultural patterns and behaviors within a group or community, focusing on understanding and describing the culture and behaviors of that group.