What is the Difference Between Carbonate and Bicarbonate?

Carbonate (CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3) are inorganic compounds that contain carbon and oxygen atoms, but they have different physical and chemical properties. The main differences between carbonate and bicarbonate are:

1. Electrical Charge: Carbonate has a -2 charge, while bicarbonate has a -1 charge due to the extra hydrogen proton it contains.
2. Molecular Weight: The molecular weight of carbonate is 60 grams, and bicarbonate is 61 grams.
3. Solubility: Carbonate is not soluble in water at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, whereas bicarbonate is easily soluble in water at room temperature.
4. Reactivity: Carbonate is a more reactive substance compared to bicarbonate.
5. Abundance in Solutions: In highly alkaline conditions, carbonate ions are more abundant, whereas in highly acidic conditions, bicarbonate ions are more abundant.

In the context of brewing chemistry, carbonate does not exist in water or wort due to its high pH requirements, and bicarbonate is the primary ion of interest. Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate are known as baking soda and baking powder, respectively, and they are used in cooking to regulate the rising of baked goods.

Comparative Table: Carbonate vs Bicarbonate

Carbonate and bicarbonate are inorganic anions that have some differences in their physical and chemical properties. Here is a table summarizing the key differences between carbonate and bicarbonate:

Carbonate is an inorganic ion containing a carbon atom and three oxygen atoms, with a negative divalent charge (-2 electrical charge). Bicarbonate, on the other hand, is a monovalent anion having one hydrogen, one carbon, and three oxygen atoms, with a negative monovalent charge (-1 electrical charge). The human body produces carbon dioxide as a by-product of metabolism, which dissolves in blood plasma and exists in the form of bicarbonate. The carbonate and bicarbonate system is mainly responsible for maintaining blood pH value and acting as a buffer in the blood.