What is the Difference Between Cadherin and Integrin?

Cadherin and integrin are two distinct types of cell adhesion molecules that play crucial roles in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion, respectively. Here are the key differences between them:

1. Function: Cadherins are mainly involved in cell-cell adhesion, while integrins mediate adhesion between cells and the ECM.
2. Structure: Cadherins are homodimers, meaning they are composed of two identical protein subunits. Integrins, on the other hand, are heterodimers, consisting of two different protein subunits (an α and a β subunit).
3. Adhesion Mechanism: Cadherins are attached to the actin cytoskeleton through cytoplasmic proteins called catenins. Integrins, however, bind to the ECM and are associated with the cytoskeleton through various other proteins.
4. Crosstalk: There is a mechanically driven crosstalk between integrins and cadherins, which regulates their signaling intermediates and guides tissue development.

In summary, cadherins and integrins are both essential for cell adhesion, but they serve different functions and have distinct structures. Cadherins are mainly responsible for cell-cell interactions, while integrins are the primary receptors for cell-ECM interactions.

Comparative Table: Cadherin vs Integrin

Cadherins and integrins are both cell adhesion molecules, but they have distinct structural and functional differences. Here is a table comparing their characteristics:

Cadherins are mainly involved in cell-cell adhesion, while integrins are mainly involved in cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. Both cadherins and integrins play crucial roles in maintaining tissue structure and function, and they often work together to regulate cell adhesion and migration.