What is the Difference Between C1 and C2?

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The C1 and C2 vertebrae are the first two vertebrae at the top of the cervical spine, and they form the atlantoaxial joint, which is a pivot joint. The main differences between C1 and C2 are:

  • Shape: The C1 vertebra, also called the atlas, is shaped like a ring, while the C2 vertebra has an upward-facing long bony process called the dens.
  • Function: The dens of the C2 vertebra forms a joint with the C1 vertebra, facilitating its turning motions and allowing the head to turn in different directions. More of the head's rotational range of motion comes from the C1-C2 joint than any other cervical joint.

In the context of language proficiency, C1 and C2 represent different levels on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). C1 represents "effective operational proficiency," while C2 represents "mastery" or "proficiency". The difference between C1 and C2 lies in the depth and range of language skills, with C2 being the highest level of proficiency and approaching native-like fluency.

Comparative Table: C1 vs C2

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C1 C2
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