What is the Difference Between Atmospheric Distillation and Vacuum Distillation?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚The main difference between atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation lies in the pressure conditions under which they are carried out. Here are the key differences between the two methods:
- Atmospheric Distillation:
- Operates at standard atmospheric pressure.
- Primarily used to separate lower boiling point fractions.
- Does not require additional equipment for creating a vacuum.
- Faster than vacuum distillation for separating components with boiling temperatures manageable at atmospheric pressures.
- Vacuum Distillation:
- Operates under reduced pressure, creating a vacuum within the column.
- Allows for the separation of high-boiling-point components and substances prone to thermal degradation.
- Requires additional equipment, such as vacuum pumps or steam ejectors, to create a vacuum.
- Slower than atmospheric distillation for separating components with boiling temperatures manageable at atmospheric pressures.
Both atmospheric and vacuum distillation are fundamental separation techniques used in the processing of crude oil, breaking it down into its component fractions based on their boiling points. The choice between the two methods depends on factors such as the specific components to be separated, the desired purity and yield, and the operational constraints of the distillation process.
Comparative Table: Atmospheric Distillation vs Vacuum Distillation
Here is a table comparing atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation:
| Feature | Atmospheric Distillation | Vacuum Distillation |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure | Operates at normal atmospheric pressure (around 1.2-1.5 atm) | Operates under reduced pressure conditions |
| Boiling Point | Separates low boiling fraction of the mixture | Allows the components to be separated by lowering the boiling point of a compound |
| Fractionation | Separates the light fraction of the mixture | Separates the heavy fraction of the mixture |
| Degradation of Key Components | Does not concern about the degradation of the components | Allows the components to be separated without thermal decomposition |
In summary, atmospheric distillation is a technique used to separate components in crude oil that operates at normal atmospheric pressure and is used to separate components with low boiling points. On the other hand, vacuum distillation takes place under reduced pressure conditions and is used to separate heavy fractions of the mixture by lowering the boiling point of a compound. Vacuum distillation also helps to prevent the degradation of key components.
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