What is the Difference Between Ascorbate and Ascorbic Acid?

Ascorbate and ascorbic acid are both forms of vitamin C, but they differ in their chemical properties and effects on the body. Here are the main differences between the two:

1. Chemical structure: Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble organic acid, while ascorbate is its negatively charged anion. Ascorbate is the metabolite of vitamin C actually used within the body, making it the preferable form of vitamin C.
2. Physiological form: Ascorbate is the physiological form of vitamin C used by the body and serves as the most powerful water-soluble antioxidant. Ascorbic acid, on the other hand, is the purest form of vitamin C and is found in fruits and vegetables.
3. Acidity and buffering: Ascorbic acid is an organic acid, which can increase the pH levels in your stomach and possibly trigger hyperacidity for some individuals. Ascorbate is a non-acidic form of vitamin C, also known as deacidified or buffered vitamin C. Mineral ascorbates, such as sodium ascorbate, are less acidic than ascorbic acid and are thought to be gentler on the stomach and digestive system when taken in large amounts.
4. Mineral content: Ascorbate can be combined with minerals, such as sodium, calcium, or potassium, to form mineral ascorbates. These mineral ascorbates are less acidic and more absorbable than ascorbic acid.
5. Supplementation: Ascorbic acid is commonly used for temporary vitamin C supplementation, such as during the winter months, while ascorbates are preferred for daily, long-term use.

In summary, ascorbate is the predominant form of vitamin C in the human body and is considered the preferable form for supplementation due to its less acidic nature and gentler effects on the stomach. Ascorbic acid, while still providing vitamin C, may cause discomfort for some individuals due to its acidity.

Comparative Table: Ascorbate vs Ascorbic Acid

The main difference between ascorbate and ascorbic acid lies in their chemical structure and properties. Here is a table comparing the two:

Ascorbate is formed from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxyl group of ascorbic acid, making it the conjugate base of ascorbic acid. Ascorbate has several applications, including being essential for various metabolic reactions in animals, acting as a human metabolite, serving as a cofactor, and functioning as a water-soluble vitamin. On the other hand, ascorbic acid is an organic compound with no such applications.