What is the Difference Between Alpha and Beta Black Phosphorus?

The key difference between alpha and beta black phosphorus lies in their stability, structure, and electrical conductivity. Black phosphorus is an allotrope of phosphorus and occurs in two forms: alpha and beta. Here are the main differences between the two:

1. Stability: Alpha black phosphorus is more stable than beta black phosphorus.
2. Structure: Alpha black phosphorus consists of opaque monoclinic or rhombohedral crystals, while beta black phosphorus has corrugated sheets that form flaky layered crystals.
3. Electrical Conductivity: Beta black phosphorus conducts electricity, while alpha black phosphorus does not.

Alpha black phosphorus is formed when red phosphorus is heated in a closed tube at a temperature of 803 K. In contrast, beta black phosphorus forms when white phosphorus is heated at 473 K.

Comparative Table: Alpha vs Beta Black Phosphorus

The main differences between alpha and beta black phosphorus are their stability, crystal structure, and electrical conductivity. Here is a comparison table summarizing these differences:

Alpha black phosphorus is formed when red phosphorus is heated in a sealed tube at 803 K, while beta black phosphorus is prepared by heating white phosphorus at 473 K under high pressure.