What is the Difference Between Albumin and Globulin?

Albumin and globulin are two types of proteins found in the blood, and they have different functions and compositions. Here are the main differences between them:

1. Function: Albumin is responsible for maintaining blood pressure and circulation by preventing fluid from leaking out of blood vessels. It also helps transport hormones, medicines, vitamins, and other essential substances throughout the body. Globulins, on the other hand, play a role in fighting infections and transporting nutrients.
2. Production: Albumin is produced in the liver, while some globulins are produced by the liver and others by the immune system.
3. Structure: Albumin is a simple protein with a small molecular weight and is soluble in water. Globulin proteins have a more complex structure, larger molecular weight, and dissolve in salt solutions.
4. Protein Fraction: Albumin makes up about 3.5 to 5.0 g/dl of the total protein in the blood, with the remainder being made up of globulins.
5. Types: Globulins are classified into three main types: alpha 1, alpha 2, and gamma. Some globulins act as antibodies and are collectively called immunoglobulins.

A total protein test measures the combined amount of albumin and globulin in the blood, and a comparison of the two is known as the albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio. Abnormal total protein levels or A/G ratios can indicate serious health problems and may be used for diagnosis, screening, or monitoring.

Comparative Table: Albumin vs Globulin

Albumin and globulin are two types of proteins found in human blood cells and tissues. Here is a table comparing the differences between them:

Albumin is the major protein component of serum and represents the largest peak in serum protein electrophoresis. Globulins make up a much smaller fraction of the total serum protein content.