What is the Difference Between Acrylamide and Polyacrylamide?

Acrylamide and polyacrylamide are two amide molecules with distinct properties and uses. The main differences between them are:

1. Molecular Structure: Acrylamide is a single molecule with the molecular formula C3H5NO, while polyacrylamide is a polymer (a large molecule composed of repeating units) formed by polymerizing acrylamide molecules.
2. Toxicity: Acrylamide is a neurotoxin and carcinogen, while polyacrylamide is considered non-toxic.
3. Water Solubility: Both acrylamide and polyacrylamide are water-soluble, but polyacrylamide is highly water-absorbent and forms a soft gel when hydrated.
4. Uses: Acrylamide is primarily used in the production of various polymers, as a thickening or flocculating agent in grout, cement, sewage/water treatment processes, pesticide formulations, cosmetics, sugar manufacturing, ore processing, and food processing. Polyacrylamide is used in industrial applications such as manufacturing soft contact lenses, water treatment processes, and electrophoresis gels.

In summary, acrylamide is a single, water-soluble molecule that is toxic and used in the production of various polymers, while polyacrylamide is a non-toxic, water-absorbent polymer with a wide range of industrial applications.

Comparative Table: Acrylamide vs Polyacrylamide

Here is a table comparing the differences between acrylamide and polyacrylamide:

Acrylamide is a single molecule with a molecular formula of C3H5NO, while polyacrylamide is a polymer (large molecule) formed from acrylamide molecules by polymerizing in simple linear structures. Acrylamide is highly water soluble, whereas polyacrylamide is highly water absorbent and forms a soft gel when hydrated. Polyacrylamide is used in protein separations because it is chemically inert, electrically neutral, hydrophilic, and transparent for optical detection at wavelengths greater than 250 nm.